{"id":4783,"date":"2024-12-24T12:08:10","date_gmt":"2024-12-24T12:08:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resfoundation.org\/rs\/?p=4783"},"modified":"2024-12-24T12:08:11","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T12:08:11","slug":"standard-da-ne-bude-hladno-i-da-ne-smrdi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resfoundation.org\/rs\/standard-da-ne-bude-hladno-i-da-ne-smrdi\/","title":{"rendered":"Standard. Da ne bude hladno. I da ne smrdi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Shutterstock, Artem Onoprienko<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

– Ej znam ajde da kupimo 150 000 filtera za dimnjake i da spre\u010dimo ovo zaga\u0111enje!
– Kol\u2019ko to, tebra, ko\u0161ta?
– A \u0161ta znam jedno 40 evra komad.
– Kakve?
– Mehani\u010dke elektrostati\u010dke ali bez struje.
– ? Ajd dobro. Jesmo li predvideli negde u javnim politikama to re\u0161enje?
– Brt, zna\u0161 da smo predvideli SVE mere, polumere i ne-mere ikada igde sprovedene i ne-sprovedene i nazvali to planom.
– Gde si to video da je ra\u0111eno, zna\u0161 li da je dobro? Kakva su iskustva tako masovne ugradnje na drugim mestima ako ih ima? Da li je dr\u017eava mo\u017eda predvidela to re\u0161enje negde? Jesmo li pitali ljude ho\u0107e li to da ugrade? Ima li ne\u0161to efikasnije od toga mo\u017eda?
– Zeza\u0161 me?
– Naravno da zezam, brt!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sigurno se ovakav razgovor nije vodio, ali neko saznanje je nagnalo Grad Beograd da raspi\u0161e javnu nabavku<\/a> za 150 000 filtera koje \u0107e sre\u0107ni dobitnik da ugradi u dimnjake jo\u0161 uvek nepoznatih pa samim tim i nesaglasnih doma\u0107instava koja imaju individualna lo\u017ei\u0161ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A dimnjaci k\u00f4 dimnjaci, lo\u017ei\u0161ta k\u00f4 lo\u017ei\u0161ta: svih veli\u010dina, izduvni gasovi svih vrsta goriva iz svih vrsta individualnih lo\u017ei\u0161ta, svih temperatura, svih brzina, i svih sadr\u017eaja. Filter, ka\u017ee naru\u010dilac, ima sve to da \u010disti efikasno\u0161\u0107u od 40% koja je dokazana. Kako? Pa akreditovanom metodom. Za sve ove slu\u010dajeve? E sad, ne znamo, zna onaj ko treba da zna pa mo\u017eemo da ga pitamo. I treba da ga pitamo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017eda niste znali ali zaga\u0111enje iz kotlova, \u0161poreta i pe\u0107i na \u010dvrsta goriva je povezano sa energetskom efikasno\u0161\u0107u ovih ure\u0111aja. \u0160to je sagorevanje manje efikasno to je zaga\u0111enje ve\u0107e, i sti\u010demo dva privatna i javna zla od jednom: bacamo energiju i izbacujemo opasne \u010destice u vazduh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koliko je rasprostranjeno kori\u0161\u0107enje kotlova te \u0161poreta i pe\u0107i (pravni sistem ih ponekad ozna\u010dava kao \u201dlokalne greja\u010de prostora\u201d) u Republici Srbiji?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

52% stanova u Republici Srbiji se greje na \u010dvrsto gorivo. 30% svih stanova se greje koriste\u0107i \u0161porete i pe\u0107i na \u010dvrsto gorivo, odnosno nema radijatore. 10% stanova se grejalo na prirodni gas u \u010demu ih \u0161tedro poma\u017ee 100% stanovnika. O tome smo pisali<\/a>, se\u0107ate se roditeljske brige Republike Srbije za cenu prirodnog gasa u inat celom svetu.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Slika 1. Na\u010din zagrevanja stana u Republici Srbiji. Izvor: Popis 2022.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n


A javne i poslovne zgrade pomenite ako ho\u0107ete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cist vazduh je javno dobro, a pisali smo ve\u0107 ovde da je Republika Srbija proglasila moju i va\u0161u energetsku efikasnost za javni interes. Osim toga, i o tome smo pisali, daje na\u0161 novac nekim finim dobrostoje\u0107im ljudima, na\u0161im sugra\u0111anima, da unaprede energetsku efikasnost u zgradama i stanovima<\/a>. A bogami i u zgradama<\/a> (dvaput je dvaput) u kojima \u017eive imu\u0107niji gra\u0111ani priklju\u010deni na sisteme daljinskog grejanja pogonjene \u201dprirodnim\u201d gasom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ponovimo: \u010dist vazduh i energetska efikasnost su javno dobro. Kakve preduslove vezane za energetsku efikasnost i koncentracije zaga\u0111uju\u0107ih materija u dimu mora da ispuni kotao na \u010dvrsto gorivo ili \u0161poret i pe\u0107 na \u010dvrsto gorivo da bi mogao da se prodaje u Republici Srbiji? Molim? Ba\u0161 ni\u0161ta?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u0161. Zakonodavac je odlu\u010dio da je, barem na papiru, vreme da se to okon\u010da nakon 8 godina oklevanja.[1]<\/sup><\/a> Zakon, uredba, pravilnik i stigosmo do obaveze na papiru da zahtevi u pogledu eko-dizajna za kotlove i lokalne greja\u010de prostora na \u010dvrsto gorivo po\u010dinju da se primenjuju 1. januara 2026. godine[2]<\/sup><\/a>[3]<\/sup><\/a>. Oprezni smo, ponovi\u0107emo <\/a>i za\u0161to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ta \u0107e se desiti od 1. januara 2026. godine? Razvoj situacije na tr\u017ei\u0161tu \u0107e zavisiti od raspolo\u017eivosti nestandardnih ure\u0111aja, od kapaciteta organa nadle\u017enih za tr\u017ei\u0161ni nadzor, kapaciteta ustanova nadle\u017enih za proveru usagla\u0161enosti ure\u0111aja sa standardima, ali i od informisanosti i o\u010dekivanja u\u010desnika na tr\u017ei\u0161tu u pogledu sprovo\u0111enja propisa. Sistem koji mora da postoji da bi se standardi osmislili, doneli i sproveli je slo\u017een. O tome \u0107emo vi\u0161e pisati u studiji slu\u010daja na ovu istu temu koja \u0107e \u010ditaocima uskoro biti na raspolaganju. Kada i ako do\u0111e do sprovo\u0111enja ovog propisa regulisa\u0107e se tr\u017ei\u0161te na kome se 2020. godine prometovalo 56.000 komada[4]<\/sup><\/a> ovih ure\u0111aja koji proizvode toplotu za 1 370 000 doma\u0107instava u Srbiji. Dosta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160poret ili pe\u0107 na \u010dvrsto gorivo koji ispunjava zahteve efikasnosti propisane eko-dizajnom mo\u017ee u upotrebi imati i dva puta ve\u0107u efikasnost od one koja je projektno izmerena u Republici Srbiji.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Slika 2. Efikasnost \u0161poreta i pe\u0107i na drva. Izvor: https:\/\/smarterstoves.resfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Smarter_Stoves_Report.pdf<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

I kod kotlova je velika razlika.\u00a0 Mo\u017eda \u017eelite da znate da je u Republici Srbiji u 2022. godini u kotlovima, pe\u0107ima i \u0161poretima spaljeno 3 688 874 tona ogrevnog drveta. TRI MILIONA \u0160EST STOTINA OSAMDESET I OSAM HILjADA I OSAM STOTINA SEDAMDESET I \u010cETIRI tone ogrevnog drveta[5]<\/sup><\/a>. Nije svejedno koja je efikasnost sagorevanja, zar ne? Nije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eko-dizajn postavlja dve vrste zahteva pred ove ure\u0111aje: zahteve u pogledu efikasnosti i zahteve u pogledu emisija. Ure\u0111aji koji ispunjavaju zahteve eko-dizajna u pogledu emisija mogu imati i 90% manje emisije od onih koji ne ispunjavaju. Mora se imati na umu da emisije zavise ne samo od ure\u0111aja ve\u0107 i od vrste goriva i ve\u0161tine onoga ko lo\u017ei. Vla\u017enost goriva mo\u017ee da dovede do pove\u0107anja emisija do 8 puta i kod novih ure\u0111aja[6]<\/a>.<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali \u0161ta je to za filtere. Mehani\u010dke elektrostati\u010dke filtere, koji ne zahtevaju napajanje elektri\u010dnom energijom a garantuju smanjenje emisije suspendovanih \u010destica <\/a>PM10<\/sub> (\u010destice manje od 10 \u00b5m) u vazduh za najmanje 40% te su jednostavni za postavljanje i odr\u017eavanje, i podesivi za postavljanje u razli\u010ditim dimenzijama cevi dimnjaka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

150 000 komada, nabije\u0161 ih u dimnjak. I ide gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ovaj tekst je nastao u okviru projekta \u201eEnergetska efikasnost: javna politika, investicije, koristi\u201c. Projekat je pripremila i sprovodila RES fondacija uz podr\u0161ku Hajnrih Bel fondacije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stavovi i mi\u0161ljenja izneseni u ovom tekstu su u stavovi i i mi\u0161ljenja autora i RES fondacije i ne predstavljaju nu\u017eno stavove i mi\u0161ljenja Hajnrih Bel fondacije.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> U obrazlo\u017eenju Predloga Zakona o energetskoj efikasnosti i racionalnom kori\u0161\u0107enju energije iz 2021. godine \u00a0predlaga\u010d ka\u017ee da u prethodnom periodu nije po\u010dela primena zahteva u pogledu eko-dizajna za proizvode koji uti\u010du na potro\u0161nju energije zato \u0161to pravni osnov za dono\u0161enje podzakonskih akata u domenu ekodizajna u prethodnom zakonu koji je regulisao ovu oblast (a koji je stupio na snagu 2013. godine) nije bio dovoljno precizno formulisan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/reg.pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs\/api\/Attachment\/prilozi\/436658\/prilog1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> http:\/\/demo.paragraf.rs\/demo\/combined\/Old\/t\/t2024_01\/SG_120_2023_007.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> Videti https:\/\/smarterstoves.resfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Smarter_Stoves_Report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/publikacije.stat.gov.rs\/G2024\/Pdf\/G20245705.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/airuse.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/R27_AIRUSE-TechGuide-biomass-burning-emissions-reduction.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

– Ej znam ajde da kupimo 150 000 filtera za dimnjake i da spre\u010dimo ovo zaga\u0111enje!– Kol\u2019ko to, tebra, ko\u0161ta?– A \u0161ta znam jedno 40 evra komad. – Kakve? – Mehani\u010dke elektrostati\u010dke ali bez struje. – ? Ajd dobro. Jesmo li predvideli negde u javnim politikama to re\u0161enje? – Brt, zna\u0161 da smo predvideli SVE […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[20,27,13],"class_list":["post-4783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-postovi","tag-energetskaefikasnost","tag-energetskapolitika","tag-zagadjenjevazduha"],"yoast_head":"\nStandard. Da ne bude hladno. 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